查看网卡状态

我们可以使用ifconfig命令查看当前的网卡状态信息。

root@raspberrypi:~# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163
    
       mtu 1500        inet 192.168.31.159  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.31.255        inet6 fe80::a579:e25:d60e:838a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
             ether b8:27:eb:08:b2:02  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 42954  bytes 2101217 (2.0 MiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 27  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 292  bytes 26175 (25.5 KiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73
     
        mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
      
               loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0wlan0: flags=4099
       
          mtu 1500        ether b8:27:eb:5d:e7:57  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
       
      
     
    

其中eth0为有线网卡，lo代表127.0.0.1即localhost，wlan0代表无线网卡。

下表对参数做一下简单解释

查看无线连接状态

ESSID参数为off显然还没有链接无线网络

root@raspberrypi:~# iwconfigwlan0     IEEE 802.11  ESSID:off/any            Mode:Managed  Access Point: Not-Associated   Tx-Power=31 dBm             Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off          Encryption key:off          Power Management:on          lo        no wireless extensions.eth0      no wireless extensions.

查找无线网络

列出能够搜索到的全部无线网络

root@raspberrypi:~# iwlist wlan0 scan    wlan0     Scan completed :          Cell 01 - Address: A8:57:4E:86:7B:7E                    Channel:1                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)                    Quality=43/70  Signal level=-67 dBm                      Encryption key:on                    ESSID:"TP-LINK_867"                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s                    Mode:Master                    Extra:tsf=0000000000000000                    Extra: Last beacon: 80ms ago                    IE: Unknown: 000B54502D4C494E4B5F383637                    IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824                    IE: Unknown: 030101                    IE: Unknown: 2A0100                    IE: Unknown: 32043048606C                    IE: Unknown: 2D1A6E1003FFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000                    IE: Unknown: 3D1601050200000000000000000000000000000000000000                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    IE: WPA Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101000003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00                    IE: Unknown: DD05000AEB0100                    IE: Unknown: DD8E0050F204104A0001101044000102103B0001031047001000000000000010000000A8574E867B7E1021000754502D4C494E4B10230009544C2D57523834324E10240003342E3010420007312E312E312E331054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F757465722057523834324E100800022288103C0001011049000600372A000120

配置wifi信息

root@raspberrypi:~# vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

在配置文件中增加无线wifi的配置

...network={        ssid="Xiaomi_F636"    psk="imlichao"}

重启系统

重启系统后我们可以看到无线网卡已经启用并连接到了wifi。

root@raspberrypi:~# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163
    
       mtu 1500        inet 192.168.31.159  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.31.255        inet6 fe80::a579:e25:d60e:838a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
             ether b8:27:eb:08:b2:02  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 895  bytes 48460 (47.3 KiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 1  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 91  bytes 13742 (13.4 KiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73
     
        mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
      
               loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0wlan0: flags=4163
       
          mtu 1500        inet 192.168.31.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.31.255        inet6 fe80::36eb:7046:a7fb:ddb3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
                ether b8:27:eb:5d:e7:57  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 69  bytes 8121 (7.9 KiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 36  bytes 6014 (5.8 KiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
       
      
     
    

root@raspberrypi:~# iwconfig wlan0     IEEE 802.11  ESSID:"Xiaomi_F636"            Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: 64:09:80:12:F6:37             Bit Rate=24 Mb/s   Tx-Power=31 dBm             Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off          Encryption key:off          Power Management:on          Link Quality=55/70  Signal level=-55 dBm            Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0lo        no wireless extensions.eth0      no wireless extensions.